La Banque Mondiale a publié en septembre 2007 sur son site internet deux rapports portant sur l'impact des phénomènes de migration sur l'économie albanaise. Le premier s'intéresse particulièrement à l'investissement économique des migrants retournés au pays et le second au rôle des migrations internationales dans le domaine agricole. Je vous donne ici les résumés des rapports qui sont disponibles en cliquant sur leur titre.
- Talip KILIC, Gero CARLETTO, Benjamin DAVIS et Alberto ZEZZA, "Investing back home : return migration and business ownership in Albania", World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper n° 4366, september 2007, 36 p.
Abstract: In view of its increasing importance, and the dearth of information on return migration and its impacts on source households, this study uses data from the 2005 Albania Living Standards Measurement Study survey and assesses the impact of past migration experience of Albanian households on non-farm business ownership through instrumental variables regression techniques. Moreover, considering the differences in earning potentials and opportunities for skill acquisition in different destination countries, the impact of household past migration experience is differentiated by main migrant destinations, namely Greece and Italy. The study also tests for the hypothesis of the existence of migration cycles, by differentiating the time spent abroad based on the year of return. The empirical results indicate that household past migration experience exerts a positive impact on the probability of owning a non-farm business. While one additional year in Greece increases the probability of household business ownership by roughly 7 percent, a similar experience in Italy or further destinations raises the probability by over 30 percent. Although past migration experience for the period 1990-2000 is positively associated with the likelihood of owning a household enterprise, a similar impact does not materialize for the period 2001-2004. The latter finding seems suggestive of the fact that more recent migrants are yet to attain a target level of required savings and skills in order to successfully establish a new business upon return.
- Juna MILUKA, Gero CARLETTO, Benjamin DAVIS et Alberto ZEZZA, "The vanishing farms ? the impact of international migration on Albanian family farming", World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper n° 4367, september 2007, 30 p.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of international migration on technical efficiency, resource allocation and income from agricultural production of family farming in Albania. The results suggest that migration is used by rural households as a pathway out of agriculture: migration is negatively associated with the allocation of both labor and non-labor inputs in agriculture, while no significant differences can be detected in terms of farm technical efficiency or agricultural income. Whether the rapid demographic changes in rural areas triggered by massive migration, possibly combined with propitious land and rural development policies, will ultimately produce the conditions for more viable, high-return agriculture attracting larger investments remains to be seen.
